Calendar

market

Leagues

close
LEAGUES HOME PAGECORNER POCKET PUB
MONDAY IN HOUSE LEAGUE
469 SUNDAY AFTERNOON
IN HOUSE LEAGUE

Fargo

close
FARGO REPORTS
AND LINKS
FARGO RATE
WEBSITE
FARGO PLAYER
LOOK UP
FARGO
CALCULATOR

Tourneys

close
TOURNAMENTS
HOME PAGE
BANKSHOT.US
TOURNAMENTS
BREAK & RUN
SUNDAY 8 BALL CHIP
CORNER POCKET PUB
TUESDAY 8 BALL CHIP
CORNER POCKET PUB
TUESDAY LADIES 8 BALL CHIP

Links

close
CORNER POCKET PUB469 SPORTS & SPIRITSBREAK & RUN
CSI / BCAPLUS PRO BILLIARD SERIESVNEAPLAYFAIR GROUPFORT WAYNE BILLIARDSACE GAME ROOM GALLERYAPA

Rules

close
8 BALL9 BALL10 BALLDEFINITIONS A-LDEFINITIONS M-Z
ONE POCKETCSI RULES BOOKVNEA 8 BALLVNEA 9 BALLAPA RULESBCA RULES

Contacts

close
CONTACT WALLY@BANKSHOT.USSEND TOURNAMENT/LEAGUE ENTRY FORM TO REGISTRATION@BANKSHOT.US

Pages
1. HOME PAGE 2. CALENDAR3. LEAGUES HOME PAGE4. TOURNAMENTS HOME PAGE5. SPONSERS HOME PAGE6. CONTACT PAGE7. SHOPPING CART
WELCOME TO BANKSHOT.US
click for more info

close

WELCOME TO THE BANKSHOT.US WEBSITE.
THE SITE IS BEING MOVED AND UPDATED FROM XYZPOOL.COM.
THE PROCESS IS GOING WELL BUT TAKING TIME.
IF SOMETHING IS NOT WORKING JUST TAKE A BREAK AND RELAX.
REFRESH YOUR BROWSER OFTEN TO GET ANY UPDATES.
ALL NEW ADDITIONS TO THE WEBSITE WILL BE LISTED BY CLICKING THE BUTTON -> NEW FEATURES.
THIS IS A KIND OF A LOG OF UPDATES AND NEW FEATURES. THANK YOU FOR VISITING.

INDIANA VNEA STATE CHAMPIONS
click for more info

close

INDIANA VNEA STATE CHAMPIONS
LADIES MASTERS TEAM
1ST PLACE - CHOP SUEY
TINA LARSEN, LONNIE FOX-RAYMOND
MOLLY BONTRAQER, KRISTEN MONEQATO

3RD PLACE - TEAM MEETING
HEATHER LASKY, CARRIE GOHEEN, ERIN BIXLER
BRANDY LAMPKINS, DEBI GOLDEN

MENS MASTERS DIVISION
1ST PLACE - STEAMROLLERS
MAX KRAUSE, RONE DAVIS, JIMMY JENKINS
BRAD GREUBEL, CHAD TALLMAN

3RD OPEN B DIVISION
DAVE DAVE DAVE
TONY GOODMAN, JIM RAY, BOB MONNIER
DAVE TURNER, BILL GOULD, DAVE LA PALM

LADIES MASTERS SINGLES
1st: MOLLY BONTRAGER
5th: LONNIE FOX-RAYMOND
7/8th: CARRIE GOHEEN, MICHELLE WEST
9th: ERIN BIXLER

LADIES SINGLES
9th: SAMATHA NET
13th: AMY HARRISON
17/24th: ANNETTE MENDEZ, DEE CAMPBELL, KRISTY TOMLIN

MENS MASTERS
7th: MAX KRAUSE
9/12th: BRAD GREUBEL, JIMMY JENKINS

OPEN A
3rd: MARK BONTRAGER
9th: TODD DAVIS

OPEN B
7th NATHAN SCHEUMANN
13/16th: BILL GOULD, TODD KRUSE
25th: DAVE LAPALM
33rd: JEREMY MYERS

BREAK & RUN CHIP TOURNAMENT
click for more info

close

CHIP TOURNAMENT AT BREAK & RUN
SUNDAY NIGHTS AT 7:00 PM.
8 BALL CHIP FORMAT
BCAPL RULES
CHIPS ISSUED BASED ON YOUR FARGO RATE
IF NO FARGO RATE THEN YOUR VNEA OR APA RATE
TOURNAMENT DIRECTOR WILL ISSUE CHIPS IF NO RATE IS ESTABLISHED.
TOURNAMENT WILL BE SUBMITTED TO FARGO IF 17 PLAYERS OR MORE.
LAST WEEKS WINNERS:
BOB SHUCKMAN, 2ND: RAY RAY, 3RD: TRAVIS DELONG

CORNER POCKET PUB 8 BALL CHIP
click for more info

close

NEW TOURNAMENT AT CORNER POCKET PUB ON TUESDAY NIGHT AT 7:00 PM.
8 BALL CHIP FORMAT.
BCAPL RULES.
CHIPS ISSUED BASED ON YOUR FARGO RATE.
IF NO FARGO RATE THEN YOUR VNEA OR APA RATE.
TOURNAMENT DIRECTOR WILL ISSUE CHIPS IF NO RATE IS ESTABLISHED.
TOURNAMENT WILL BE SUBMITTED TO FARGO IF 17 PLAYERS OR MORE.
LAST WEEKS WINNERS:
JIM HOWARD, 2ND: JOSE BACA

NEW FEATURES
click for more info

close

YOU CAN PRE-ENTER A BANKSHOT.US TOURNAMENT BY SENDING AN EMAIL TO US WITH YOUR INTEREST OF TOURNAMENT OR LEAGUE.
WE WILL RESPOND WITH A CONFIRMATION OF REGISTRATION.
THE WAY IT GOES IS THIS... YOU DON'T PAY UNTIL YOU ENTER AT THE TOURNAMENT .. IF YOU DO NOT SHOW UP OR CONTACT US BY START TIME ... YOU WILL NOT BE ENTERED.
YOU CAN PRE-ENTER FROM THE CONTACTS BUTTON ON THE TOP THE SCREEN .. OR FROM THE HOME PAGE OF THE TOURNAMENT OR LEAGUES.

PARTNERS LEAGUE
click for more info

close

BANKSHOT.US WILL BE TAKING SIGNUPS FOR A PARTNERS LEAGUE.
THE START DATE WILL BE DETERMINED SOON.
LOCATIONS WILL BE PLAYFAIR LOCATIONS AND BREAK & RUN.
TIME WILL BE AT 7:00 PM. THURSDAY IS THE TARGET DAY.
ALSO LOOKING TO START AN OLD TIMERS LEAGUE.
55 YEARS OLD OR MORE.
MONDAYS AT 1:00 PM CORNER POCKET PUB.
SIGNUP FOR THAT LEAGUE WILL BE ON THE LEAGUES HOME PAGE.

LADIES ONLY CHIP TOURNAMENT
click for more info

close

THIS TOURNAMENT IS FOR THE LADIES ONLY AND HELD AT CORNER POCKET PUB ON TUESDAY
THE TOURNAMENT IS A CHIP FORMAT.
THE SIGNUP IS AT 6:30 AND THE TOURNAMENT STARTS AT 7:00.
THE COST IS $ 5.00 AND $ 1.00 GREENS FEE.
THE RULES ARE VNEA

BCAPL 8 BALL RULES

SPORTSMANSHIP

Any experienced referee or tournament director will tell you that many of the problems they have faced involving controversy between players could have been prevented if the players had been COMMUNICATING effectively.

Problems can often be traced to players who simply do not practice GOOD and POLITE COMMUNICATION at the table.

Rules are designed to reduce the number of disputes.

However, it is impossible to control the issue completely with rules and referees.

The solution lies with you – THE PLAYERS.

Good sportsmanship lies at the heart of any endeavor involving competition.

In many games of pocket billiards, players meet on the table in a contest that takes place in an environment that is unique in sports in one significant aspect - players are often required to tell each other exactly what is about to happen and what their intentions are before they act.

Far too many disputes involve nothing more than whether or not a safety was declared or which pocket or ball was called. We encourage you to dedicate yourself to open, friendly and polite communication during your match.

Do not let personality conflicts affect your efforts at communication. It does not matter how you feel about your opponent – you must always commit yourself to open and civil conversation and communication during your match.

Good communication is simply good sportsmanship, which is required of all players. Please practice it faithfully and consistently. It will make the game more enjoyable for all of us.

UNSPORTSMANLIKE CONDUCT

Unless specifically stated otherwise, no act, failure to act, statement, or omission of information that would normally be legal under the rules is exempt from being penalized under Rule 1-45 if it is the judgment of a referee or other event official that it was committed in an unsportsmanlike manner.

The situation from Concession of Match, will serve to demonstrate the principle.
Despite the specific wording of Rule 1-44 and the Applied Ruling that goes with it, if a referee judged that the timing, body language, relative positions of the players, or any other pertinent information relative to the unscrewing of the break cue gave the clear overall effect of an unsportsmanlike act, the player would still be subject to penalties under Rule 1-45.

Particular sensitivity will be applied to issues involving communication between players.

Attempts to manipulate the rules concerning communicating and acknowledging called shots, safeties, or other required information will receive special scrutiny. For instance, acknowledging a called shot or safety with a barely perceptible nod and then trying to claim later that you did not acknowledge the call will be considered unsportsmanlike conduct.

It is incumbent on both players at all times to ensure that clear communication takes place.
In team play, unsportsmanlike conduct violations committed by team members who are not involved in a game will be penalized as TEAM FOULS.

Penalties, if applicable to play, will be applied to ALL TABLES.

Penalties for unsportsmanlike conduct violations committed by team members that are involved in a game may be applied to the player or the team, at the discretion of the referee.
General unsportsmanlike conduct warnings and penalties will be noted by event officials and records maintained throughout the event.

Penalties specified by the rules as being cumulative during a match carry forward only through the match.

However, repeated willful violations of the rules, or any current or previous pattern of misconduct, may be considered by event officials in determining penalties for unsportsmanlike conduct.
1. Situation:
Player A, wanting to end their inning but not wanting to disturb the lay of the table, taps the cue ball with a legal stroke, moving it only slightly and not attempting to complete a legal shot.

Ruling:
(a) foul on Player A. It is not Unsportsmanlike Conduct.

Discussion: The intentional commission of a foul, which frequently occurs when a player executes a foul shot that gives up ball in hand but still puts their opponent at a disadvantage, is an accepted practice.

This is not a deliberate foul as addressed by Rules 1-40 and 1-45-4.
A common example is a player, in an 8-Ball game, intentionally shooting at the opponents group in order to pocket the opponent’s ball or move it into an unfavorable position.

Even though the shooter gives up ball in hand, they hope that the resulting position of the table works in their favor.

During this type of shot, the foul is contacting an illegal object ball first, but otherwise the shot is executed legally, using the cue ball and using a legal stroke.

However, if the shot were executed by contacting the object ball directly with the cue, the foul would be penalized under Rule 1.40, with a mandatory warning given (assuming only one ball was moved), and a loss of game being awarded on the second offense.
2. Situation:
During a match, Player A asks Player B if it is legal to use a certain cue or piece of equipment.
Player B, knowing that the cue or equipment is illegal and that it would be a foul to use it:
(a) remains silent or responds "I don't know";
(b) gives a response that specifically or implicitly gives Player A permission to use the cue or leads Player A to believe that the cue is legal.

Player A uses the cue to execute a shot.

Ruling:
(a) FOUL on Player A;
(b) unsportsmanlike conduct by Player B with loss of game for the first violation.

Discussion: Players are not required to assist their opponents in any way.
In (a), Player A proceeds at their own peril, and should consult a referee if they desire further information.
In (b), it is willful unsportsmanlike conduct for Player B to trap Player A into a foul.

During a match, players committing the willful act of providing incorrect or misleading information to their opponents are not protected by Rule 1-1-2 if their opponent commits a foul based on that information.
In that instance, their opponents are relieved of their responsibility for knowledge of the correct information under Rule 1-1.
The protection of Rule 1-1-2 is specifically reserved for event officials and referees.
If you have a question concerning the rules, you should always consult a referee or event official rather than your opponent.
Offering to gamble with opponents or spectators during your match is specifically defined as unsportsmanlike conduct.
You may be penalized for unsportsmanlike conduct with or without warning.

Penalties for unsportsmanlike conduct are at the discretion of the referee or other designated event officials, and may vary based upon the referee’s or event official’s judgment of the severity and nature of the unsportsmanlike act.

A player’s pattern of behavior from prior events may also be considered.
Unsportsmanlike conduct warnings and penalties carry forward and are cumulative during the entire event.

Disqualification from any CSI event for unsportsmanlike conduct will result in forfeiture of any prize money, trophy, or award won by that player or team. In addition, any championship recognition will not be entered in the official records of the event.

You are responsible for your actions at all times while you are present at the event venue, whether playing or not.

You must not commit any act that is unsportsmanlike in nature.

This includes, but is not limited to: actions that are embarrassing, disruptive, or detrimental to other players, spectators, referees, event officials, or the sport in general, or any act that makes a travesty of the game.

A foul with a specified progression of penalties may have a more serious penalty applied early in the progression if it is committed willfully or in an unsportsmanlike manner, or if it is committed intentionally in consecutive matches.

RESPONSIBILITIES

PLAYER RESPONSIBILITY

1. You are responsible for knowing the rules, applied rulings, regulations, and schedules that pertain to any event you enter. You are also responsible for cooperating with all referees and event officials, and for accurately providing all requested information concerning your participation in the event to referees and event officials when asked to do so.

2. Event officials and referees will provide information as required by the rules to the best of their ability and knowledge.

However, Rule 1 takes precedence and the ultimate responsibility for knowing the correct information still rests with you. You may still incur penalties if you commit a foul or violate the rules as a result of incorrect information provided to you by an event official or referee.

SHOOTERS RESPONSIBILITY

Remember that your opponent has the right to know what you are doing while you are at the table. If you do not want to stop and answer questions, you can prevent that by COMMUNICATING freely and CLEARLY.

1. When you are at the table, pay attention to how your shot appears.
If you think there is a chance that your opponent might not understand your intentions,
PLEASE CALL THE SHOT.

2. When you do call shots, please do so CLEARLY.
It is preferable to face your opponent and make eye contact.
If you do call a shot by gesture, make a clear and definite motion indicating
both BALL AND POCKET.

3. When playing call shot games, remember that shots defined as not obvious, and safeties, must be explicitly called. There are no exceptions under any circumstances, regardless of how simple or obvious the shot may appear. There may be other types of shots that must be called as well, depending on the circumstances. Also, please be sure to COMMUNICATE CLEARLY with your opponent when playing a safety.

NON-SHOOTERS RESPONSIBILITY

The non-shooting player has certain rights with regard to inspecting the position of the table prior to their opponent being down on a shot.

For example, checking whether the cue ball is frozen to an object ball, checking whether balls are frozen to a cushion, or whether a ball is in or out of the kitchen are permitted.

The non-shooting player may also inspect the position of the table for the express purpose of deciding whether to call a referee to watch a shot.

However, they may not inspect the table simply to see whether an object ball has a clear path to a pocket or for any other reason that has no bearing on the need to call a referee.
If asked, the non-shooting player must provide information to you concerning the game on the table (e.g., who has which group in 8-Ball, or whether they committed a foul, etc.).

If, as the non-shooting player, you do provide information to your opponent, you must do so in good faith and, to the best of your ability, provide correct information.

The non-shooting player is not protected by Rule 1-1-2 from giving incorrect information, and may incur penalties by giving incorrect information.
It is UNSPORTSMANLIKE CONDUCT if you intentionally distract your opponent or interfere with their play.

If you sense a situation developing in which you might have a question, TRY TO ASK IT EARLY. At the same time, remember that you cannot use the requirement of communication in an unsportsmanlike manner. ( Sharking )

You should know what a clearly obvious shot is. Do not ask unnecessary questions in such a situation.

When you are not shooting (in the chair), you should pay attention to the game and to your opponent. As the person in the chair, you must remember that while you have the right to know what the shooter is attempting, but you CANNOT interrupt them after they are down on a shot.

If your opponent is telling you what they intend to do, listen carefully and clearly ACKNOWLEDGE that you understand.

If you do not understand, get CLARIFICATION. - COMMUNICATION is a two way street!

In the event of a dispute over whether a shot or safety was properly called, the referee is the sole judge.

EQUIPMENT

EQUIPMENT ACCEPTANCE

In the event of sub-standard equipment, play might not be stopped or delayed unless conditions are severe.

Particularly in tournament play, or other circumstances when time is limited, a match may be required to begin or continue on equipment such as a dirty or unlevel table.

The final decision whether to start or continue play is solely at the judgment of the referee or Administrative Authority.

If play continues, the Administrative Authority should make their best effort to correct the problem as soon as possible.
1. Situation: Player A, preparing to shoot a ball along the cushions and across the mouth of a side pocket, either pushes on the tip of the cushion or manipulates the cloth at the tip of the cushion at the side pocket.

Ruling: FOUL, regardless of whether or not Player A attempts a shot.

2. Situation: Player A, preparing to shoot, notices that the table spot is coming loose from the cloth and, being in the line of their shot, may affect the shot.

Player A: (a) without consulting a referee or their opponent, removes the spot before shooting; (b) requests a referee to remove or replace the spot.

Ruling: (a) - FOUL, regardless of whether or not Player A attempts the shot;
If requested, the referee will immediately address and correct the condition if possible, subject to time restraints and equipment availability as determined by the Administrative Authority of the event.

It is not necessarily reasonable to expect that a player should be responsible for an in-depth knowledge of every detail of the provided equipment. Certain flaws or defects in the equipment may escape notice until they are likely to affect a specific situation.

If it is reasonable to expect that the problem would be corrected if found before a game commenced, then it should be corrected during the course of a game, time and resources permitting.

However, players are still bound by the procedural requirement to gain the permission of a referee or event official before making an alteration.

If a player performs any act altering the provided equipment without such permission, it is a FOUL.

1. Once your match begins, you accept all provided equipment as standard and legal. After a match has begun, only a referee or event official may declare the equipment defective or unsuitable for play. If the equipment is declared unsuitable for play, all games previously played on that equipment will be counted.

2. During a match, it is a FOUL if you attempt to modify provided equipment without the permission of a referee or event official. The FOUL occurs immediately upon the attempt, regardless of whether a stroke or shot is attempted.

CSI reserves the right to prohibit any equipment it deems untested or inappropriate, or that has not been evaluated by the CSI National Office.

USE OF EQUIPMENT

1. Situation: Player A lays their cue on the table to help line up a shot, then uses a second cue, a mechanical bridge, or other equipment to assist as well.

Ruling: FOUL. Only a single cue, held in the hand or not, may be used.
2. Situation: Player A, attempting to gain additional reach, partially unscrews their jointed cue in order to lengthen it.

Ruling: Legal
3. Situation: Player A, preparing to shoot a jump shot, unscrews the extended butt from their jump-break cue and places it in a pocket. They then forget that the butt is in the pocket and leave it there after their inning.

Player B shoots and a ball (a) rebounds from the pocket; (b) is pocketed despite the presence of the butt.

Ruling: (a) FOUL on Player A; (b) The result of the shot stands and the game continues.

Discussion: With the exception of chalk left on the rail, if equipment used by a player and left at the table directly interferes with their opponent’s shot, it is a foul on the player that left the equipment. If a player leaves equipment at the table and it is discovered before it interferes with the game, or if it interacts with the balls during a shot without causing a disadvantage to the opponent, it shall be removed without penalty, but a warning may be issued.
4. Situation: Player A shoots and a ball leaves the bed of the table, strikes a piece of Player B's personal chalk that they left on the rail, and the ball falls back on the bed of the table.

Ruling: FOUL on shooter.

Discussion: Personal chalk is considered a hazard for the shooter regardless of ownership.
5. Situation: Player A, with ball in hand, places the cue ball very close to two object balls that are near each other, one legal and one illegal.

Player A then picks up the cue ball and re-places it in a different position before shooting toward the same object balls. Player B calls a foul for measuring.

Ruling: Whether Player A attempted a measurement is determined by the referee's judgment. The referee must carefully consider the position of the table and information gathered from the players concerning Player A’s actions.
6. Situation: Player A uses markings, inlays or rings on their cue, their finger, or a piece of chalk to measure a gap between two balls or between a ball and a cushion.

Ruling: FOUL.
7. Situation: Player A aligns a bank shot or kick shot by using their cue or hands to judge the distance between a ball and pocket, ball and cushion, or between balls.

Ruling: Legal

The prohibition on measuring applies specifically to whether or not a ball will pass through a gap. However, in measuring for banks or kicks, the only device that may be used (in addition to your hands) is a single cue.
8. Situation: Player A places a mark on their ferrule or other part of the cue in order to keep the cue aligned a certain way for every shot.

Ruling: Legal.

CSI reserves the right to prohibit any equipment it deems untested or inappropriate, or that has not been evaluated by the CSI National Office.

1. You are responsible for all equipment and accessory items you bring to the table. You may not use equipment or accessory items in a manner other than their intended use.
Specifically:
a. You may use a billiards glove.
b. You may use either a built-in or an add-on cue extender.
c. You may use your own chalk provided that it closely matches the color of the cloth.
Penalty for (c): first offense – warning. Second and subsequent offenses – FOUL.

Instances have been documented in which chalk that appears to closely match the color of the cloth actually appears as a contrasting color when it comes off on the cloth. Chalk proven to cause this problem may be prohibited despite the initial appearance of compatibility.

MECHANICAL BRIDGES

The primary consideration for determining whether a mechanical bridge is legal is that it supports the cue, as opposed to elevating the bridge hand above the bed of the table or significantly enhancing the stability of the hand holding the bridge.

The particular construction of the bridge is not relevant as long as it does no more than support the cue, and does not damage the table or other equipment.

Items that are not considered disqualifying include, but are not limited to:
a. The overall size, or the height of grooves above the bed of the table;
b. whether there is a handle, sliding extensions, wheels, or accommodations to straddle balls;
c. the shape of grooves;
d. whether the grooves have linings or mechanisms to retain the cue in the groove.
The design of a prosthetic device used by a physically challenged player falls under the same guidelines as those provided for mechanical bridges.
It is also permissible to have a device that is adjustable to various heights or permutations.
However, in use of such a device the device may not be elevated or supported by any other device or equipment.

CSI reserves the right to prohibit any equipment it deems untested or inappropriate, or that has not been evaluated by the CSI National Office.

You may not shoot while using more than two mechanical bridges at any one time.

A bridge may only be used to support the cue or another bridge.

If two bridges are used, the upper bridge must rest on the head of the lower bridge.

You may not shoot while using any item to support or elevate your bridge hand. You may hold chalk in your bridge hand while bridging, but the chalk may not be used to elevate your hand off the table.

FOUL upon execution of the shot.
If no shot is executed then there is no foul.

MEASURING SHOTS

You may use your cue, held in your hand or not, to help align a shot.

You may use your cue and hands to measure angles and distances for bank shots and kick shots.

NO OTHER CUES, BRIDGES OR EQUIPMENT MAY BE USED.

You may only use your vision to judge whether the cue ball or an object ball would fit through a gap, or to judge what ball the cue ball would contact first.

YOU MAY NOT USE ANY BALL, CUE, RACK, CHALK CUBE, OR ANY OTHER EQUIPMENT OR OTHER PART OF YOUR BODY AS A WIDTH-MEASURING DEVICE.

FOUL immediately upon the violation, REGARDLESS of whether a shot is executed.

ELECTRONIC HEADGEAR

You may not wear any electronic headgear, use any electronic device, or voluntarily impede your hearing during a match.

Examples include, but are not limited to:
a. Use of headphones, earphones, or earplugs of any kind, including Bluetooth accessories, whether turned on or not. Hearing aids are permitted.
b. Use of cell phones, smart phones, pagers, or music devices.

Cell phones may be worn on the belt or kept in pockets, but may not be accessed for messages, information or conversations at any time during a match by singles or scotch doubles players, or during your game in team play.

You must turn off all audible ringers and other notification tones while on the event floor.

The penalty for the first violation during an event is a warning.
Each subsequent violation is a FOUL.
Note: During league play the operator may allow headgear.

CUE REQUIREMENTS

a. The width of the cue tip must not exceed 14 millimeters. There is no minimum width.

b. The weight of the cue must not exceed 25 ounces. There is no minimum weight.

c. The length of the cue must be at least 40 inches. There is no maximum length.

d. The cue tip must be composed of leather, fibrous, or pliable material.

1. Situation: After a match begins, a player wishes to borrow or purchase a cue or other equipment for use in their match.

Ruling: A match may not be delayed to borrow or buy equipment. A player may borrow equipment from someone in the immediate vicinity of the table, but may leave the area to borrow or purchase equipment only during an authorized time-out.
2. Situation: Player B questions the legality of Player A's cue and summons a referee (a) before Player A has used the cue to execute a shot; (b) after Player A has used the cue to execute a shot.

In both cases (a) and (b), the referee determines that the cue is illegal.

Ruling: (a) No foul, but the cue must be removed from play; (b) FOUL.

1. Your cues must meet CSI specifications.

2. It is a FOUL if you shoot with a cue that does not meet CSI specifications.

The cue must be removed from play.

BEFORE MATCH BEGINS

OBJECT OF GAME

8-Ball is a call shot game played with a cue ball and fifteen object balls numbered 1 through 15.

Each player or team has a group of seven balls:
the SOLID colored balls numbered 1 through 7,
or the STRIPED balls numbered 9 through 15.

The 8-ball is the game winning ball.

The object of the game is to pocket your entire group of balls and then legally pocket the 8-ball.

The game is played by two players or two teams.

THE GAME

In Call Pocket, obvious balls and pockets do not have to be indicated. It is the opponent’s right to ask which ball and pocket if he is unsure of the shot.

Banks and combinations are not considered obvious and both the object ball and the pocket must be called or it is a loss of turn.

When calling the shot, it is NEVER necessary to indicate details such as the NUMBER of cushions, banks, kisses, caroms, etc.

Any balls pocketed on a foul remain pocketed, regardless of whether they belong to the shooter or the opponent.

Jumped object balls and illegally pocketed balls are not returned to the table but do count in favor of the player with that group.

START OF GAME

The home team breaks first and writes their line-up down first.

The break will alternate thereafter.

During tournament competition, the teams will flip a coin to determine home team.

START TIME OF MATCH

"Present at the table" means in the immediate vicinity of the actual table or tables to which the match is assigned.
While that may be taken to include the area immediately outside the rails, seating, or other barriers defining the players' area, not much leeway will be granted.
For instance: just entering the doors of the room that are a considerable distance away and then hurrying to get to the assigned table does not constitute presence at the table.

If there is confusion over an administrative issue or if a player has been summoned by a Tournament Director or their representative, the presence of the player at the tournament desk may be sufficient.
All cases involving presence at the table are decided at the sole discretion of the referee or Tournament Director.

The start time for your match is the scheduled time or the time the match is announced, whichever is later.

If you are not present at the table with your equipment within the time allowed by Tournament Administrators, you LOSE the match by FORFEIT.

PLAYING WITHOUT A REFEREE

When a referee is not available, the Tournament Director or designated event official will fulfill the duties of the referee.

BEGINNING AND END OF GAME OR MATCH

1. Your match or game begins when the cue tip strikes the cue ball during any stroke on the break shot.

2. Your match or game ends when the 8 ball is legally pocketed and all balls on the table have STOPPED MOVING.

After that time, there can be no fouls involving the game on the table for that game.

However, unsportsmanlike conduct immediately after a game or match may be penalized by loss of that game or match, or by other penalty at the referee’s discretion.

AFTER MATCH BEGINS

NO PRACTICE ALLOWED
DURING MATCH
TOURNAMENT PLAY ONLY

Situation:
During a match, Player A approaches an unused table on which there are some object balls and a cue ball. Player A then
(a) assumes a normal stance and bridge and shoots the cue ball directly into a pocket;
(b) without assuming a normal stance or forming a bridge, uses a forward stroke motion to tap an object ball, contacting the ball with the tip of the cue and rolling it a few inches.
Ruling: FOUL for both a and b.

Discussion: Any forward stroke motion that includes the tip contacting any ball will be considered a shot, regardless of whether or not a shooting stance or bridge is used, or whether or not the ball contacted is a cue ball or an object ball.
Simply put, if the act would be considered a stroke or shot during the course of a game, it will be considered a practice stroke or shot as well.
Situation:
Between games of a match, and on the same table as the match is being played on, it is Player A's turn to break.
Player A uses a cue to push balls left over from the previous game down to the foot of the table, contacting the balls with the cue tip in a forward stroke motion.
Ruling:
Legal, provided there is no indication that Player A is attempting to practice or gain knowledge about the table with the strokes. While not encouraged, moving balls to the opposite end of the table for racking is considered an exception to the rule.
In team play, the timing of a foul issued because of practice by a player not actually playing a game at the time of the offense is dependent on the arrival of the referee at the tables involved in the match.
If the referee verifies that practice has occurred, they will proceed to the tables the match is being played on and suspend play on all tables regardless of the progress of any game.
The penalties for the foul shall then immediately be applied to all tables.

If a table is between games when play is suspended, no penalty will be applied to that table.
If all tables are between games, no penalty is applied on the first offense but a warning will be issued to the offending team’s captain.
For second and subsequent offenses, if any table is between games when the penalty is applied then the offended team will be:
a. awarded the option to break if it is not their turn to break;
b. awarded ball in hand on the first shot after the break if it is their turn to break.
The penalty is not applied if there is a foul on the break.

"Practice" is defined as any stroke or shot that is not a part of your match, taken on any table at the event venue.

1. It is a FOUL if you practice at any time during your match, INCLUDING during time-outs and periods of suspended play.

2. During a match, if the first offense of a practice foul occurs between games there is no penalty applied, but a warning will be issued. For second and subsequent offenses between games during a match, the offended player:
a. Is awarded the option to break if it is not their turn to break. If the offended player chooses to take the break, the breaking order for future games is not affected.
b. Is awarded ball in hand on the first shot after the break if it is their turn to break. The penalty is not applied if there is a foul on the break.

3. In team play, this rule applies to all members of the team that are in the teams line-up, whether or not they are playing at the time and whether or not they are listed on the score sheet of the match in progress. Penalties for fouls in team play:
a. For violations by a player who is playing a game at the time of the foul: the penalty is applied to that player’s table only;
b. For violations by a player who is not playing a game at the time of the foul: the penalty is applied to all tables assigned to the match.

STOPPING PLAY

You may stop play to request the assistance of a referee if you believe that a foul may occur or has occurred, or if you need information concerning the rules.

If you desire to stop play, you must NOTIFY your opponent and your opponent must ACKNOWLEDGE your request.

If it is your opponent’s inning, you must notify them before they are down on the shot. It is a FOUL if you interrupt your opponent after they are down on a shot.

If your opponent requests that play be stopped in order to summon a referee or other event official, you must ACKNOWLEDGE and honor that request.

After play has stopped, it is a FOUL if you take any stroke or shot until a referee authorizes you to shoot.

SUSPENDED PLAY

Play may be suspended at the referee's discretion.

It is a FOUL if you take any stroke or shot while play is suspended.

TIME-OUT

"Present at the table" means in the immediate vicinity of the actual table or tables to which the match is assigned. While that may be taken to include the area immediately outside the rails, seating, or other barriers defining the players' area, not much leeway will be granted.

For instance: just entering the doors of the room that are a considerable distance away and then hurrying to get to the assigned table does not constitute presence at the table.

If there is confusion over an administrative issue or if a player has been summoned by a Tournament Director or their representative, the presence of the player at the tournament desk may be sufficient.

All cases involving presence at the table are decided at the sole discretion of the referee or Tournament Director.
1. Situation:
After a match begins, a player wishes to borrow or purchase a cue or other equipment for use in their match.
Ruling:
A match may not be delayed to borrow or buy equipment.
A player may borrow equipment from someone in the immediate vicinity of the table, but may leave the area to borrow or purchase equipment only during an authorized time-out.

2. Situation:
Player B questions the legality of Player A's cue and summons a referee
(a) before Player A has used the cue to execute a shot;
(b) after Player A has used the cue to execute a shot.
In both cases (a) and (b), the referee determines that the cue is illegal.
Ruling:
(a) No foul, but the cue must be removed from play;
(b) FOUL.

If time-outs are allowed by event regulations, you may only take a time-out during your inning, or when it is your turn to break.

Each player is allowed one time-out per match.

Time-outs are limited to five minutes.

If you exceed your allotted five minutes, or leave the playing area when not authorized to do so, you will FORFEIT one game for every two-minute period you fail to return to the match.

The two-minute period begins once a referee has determined you are not present when you should be.

Time-outs are NOT allowed in team play during CSI sanctioned tournaments.

COACHING

It is common for Administrative Authorities to modify or relax coaching rules during doubles or team play. It is also common to have controversies caused by that situation.

When coaching rules have been modified, you must be sure that you understand the modifications and that you take care not to violate them.

Billiards-related written reference material, or such material accessed through electronic means, may not be consulted during your match.

Exceptions:
Score sheets (including foul counts and any other necessary scoring information) and other match-related administrative material.

The CSI Rule Book may also be consulted.

However, a match may not be delayed unnecessarily to consult a rule book.

If you have a rules-related question, summon a referee for assistance.

Players should advise their acquaintances that will be spectators not to make comments to them concerning the game during a match, other than to provide general encouragement.

Spectators associated with the player put the player at risk of a coaching foul if they make certain specific comments about the progress of a game or specific events of the game.
In scotch doubles or team play, a violation of the No Practice Allowed During Match rul, may be called on any member of the opponent’s team by any member of the offended team, regardless of whether they or the offending player are at the table or involved in a game.

Other modifications concerning team or doubles play may be made by the Administrative Authority.

1. During your match, it is a foul if you ask for, or intentionally receive, assistance in planning or executing any shot.

2. It is a foul if you receive unsolicited assistance from a spectator associated with you (e.g., spouse/partner, relative, teammate). “Assistance” includes being alerted to an opponent’s foul

3. If you are not aware of an opponent’s foul, and you are alerted to the foul by unsolicited information from a spectator not associated with you, the foul is not enforceable but you do not incur any additional penalty.

4. Any spectator not associated with you who offers any significant unsolicited assistance to you, whether verbal or non-verbal, will be warned against further interruptions or removed from the area.

FOULS

PENALTY FOR FOULING

General Discussion: There is no requirement for a player that fouls to make their opponent aware of the foul.
Also there is no requirement that an incoming player, before taking ball in hand, confirm that a shooter has fouled.
While CSI hopes that good sportsmanship and good communication prevail, situations will inevitably arise in which there is a disagreement between players whether a foul was committed.
In such a situation, if the incoming player takes ball in hand without consulting with their opponent, and then a referee cannot positively determine that the opponent did indeed foul, the incoming player has touched the cue ball with no basis to do so, and will be charged with a FOUL.
However, the basis for the foul will be a disturbed ball foul and it will not be considered a deliberate foul.
If a foul occurs on the last shot of a game, or if scoring errors occur at the end of a game or in the game count, you must call the foul or note the error before the break shot of the next game has occurred.
If the foul or errors in question occur in the last game of a match, they must be noted before both players have left the playing area.
Situation:
Player A commits a foul during the shot.
Player B approaches the table to take ball-in-hand and picks up the cue ball while the cue ball or any other ball on the table is still in motion.
Ruling: FOUL on Player B under Deliberate foul rules.
Discussion: In general, if one or more fouls is committed by each player during the same shot, the last foul overrides the earlier fouls and is the only foul enforced.

Only the players involved may call a foul. In the event of a foul call, the opposing player receives cue ball in hand anywhere on the table.

This means that the player can place the cue ball anywhere on the table (the cue ball does not have to be behind the headstring except on opening break or immediately after a foul on the break - VNEA).

A player MUST stop shooting when a foul is called. If a player refuses to yield to a foul call, the opposing captain may protest.

Note: If your opponent commits a foul and you do not receive his/her acknowledgement of such foul prior to touching the cue ball YOU have committed a FOUL. (exception: scratching)

Any foul not called before the next stroke is taken is considered to have not occurred. The failure to call a foul on any previous shot does not restrict the ability to call a similar foul on any future shot.

If you commit more than one foul during a shot, only the foul that carries the most severe penalty is enforced. However, unsportsmanlike conduct may be penalized in conjunction with any foul or violation.

PLEASE NOTE: Three consecutive fouls by one player is NOT a loss of game.

DELIBERATE FOULS

1. Situation:
Player A accidentally moves an object ball while establishing their bridge.
Then, while standing up off the shot to resolve the situation, Player A again accidentally touches or moves the same object ball.
Ruling:
The second or subsequent accidental touches on the same object ball are considered to be a single act.
Player B may elect options in accordance with the disturbed ball rule.
Only the original position or final position of the disturbed ball may be elected.
Intermediate positions between accidental movements may not be elected.
2. Situation:
Player A accidentally disturbs an object ball and,
(a) while the disturbed ball is still in motion or
(b) after it comes to rest,
intentionally touches it or picks it up to replace it before Player B makes a decision on restoration.
Ruling:
FOUL under Disturbed ball rule.
In (a) the disturbed ball must be restored.
In (b) Player B may elect to have the ball restored or placed in its disturbed location.

3. Situation:
The 3-ball touches the cue ball.
Ruling: FOUL.

4. Situation: The 3-ball does not contact the cue ball but moves along the line of the shot and comes to rest as indicated in figure 10-11a.
The cue ball moves along path C-1.
Ruling: No foul. Player B elects options in accordance with Disturbed ball.
Discussion: Be careful not to confuse the terms involving disturbed balls.
A disturbed ball is not a ball set in motion as a result of the shot, and the area originally occupied by a ball set in motion as a result of the shot is not relevant.
In this situation the cue ball is not a disturbed ball.
The fact that the 3-ball passed through the area originally occupied by the cue ball is irrelevant.

5. Situation:
The 3-ball does not contact the cue ball but moves along the line of the shot and comes to rest as indicated in figure 10-11a.
The cue ball moves along path C-2.
Ruling: FOUL.
The cue ball passed through the area originally occupied by the disturbed 3-ball.

6. Situation:
While Player A is shooting, during the backwards motion of the cue immediately prior to forward motion of the stroke, the cue accidentally contacts the 3-ball and moves it away from the cue ball as indicated.
The shot is then executed.
Ruling: No foul.
Player B elects options in accordance with disturbed ball rule.
Discussion: This situation is an exception to the strict interpretation of Rule 1-33-2 and 1-33-4.
At the beginning of the shot, even if the cue ball is within the area originally occupied by the disturbed ball (¼” or closer), the initial motion of the cue ball, away from the original position of the disturbed ball, is not to be construed as a ball set in motion passing through the area originally occupied by the disturbed ball.
However, if the cue ball returns to that area later in the shot, Rule 1-33-4 then applies and the shot becomes a foul.
If the referee judges that the motion of the disturbed ball is intentional, it will be considered a deliberate foul under Rule 1-40-c.
7. Situation:
Player A commits a foul, after which the cue ball is still on the table.
Player B approaches the table and accidentally picks up an object ball, mistaking it for the cue ball. No other ball is disturbed.
Ruling: No foul on Player B.
The object ball is restored and Player B continues with ball in hand.
8. Situation:
Player A is down on a shot.
After disturbing a single ball, Player A stands up off the shot.
Player A does not communicate with Player B concerning the disturbed ball.
Player B is
(a) aware of the disturbed ball, but say says nothing;
(b) not aware of the disturbed ball.
With no action having been taken by either player concerning the disturbed ball, Player A now goes down on the shot a second time and shoots.
Ruling: (a) and (b): No foul - play continues.
Discussion: The shooter has no obligation to notify their opponent that a ball has been disturbed.
In (a), if the shooter’s opponent observes a disturbed ball and does not explicitly communicate their desire to restore the ball, it constitutes a decision to leave the disturbed ball where it came to rest.
In (b), it is the responsibility of the shooter’s opponent to be aware of all action on the table.
9. Situation:
Player A disturbs a ball and Player B opts to have it restored.
Without the assistance of a referee, both players discuss and agree on the position of the restored ball.
As Player A is preparing to shoot, either Player A or Player B decides that the restored position is not accurate, and
(a) requests that the position of the restored ball be changed;
(b) moves the ball to a different position.
Ruling:
(a) - The ball will remain in the first position agreed on by the players;
(b) - FOUL on the player that moved the ball.
Once a decision has been made concerning whether to restore that ball then the position decided on is FINAL and becomes the original position of that ball from that point forward.
Any further intentional movement of the object ball is a deliberate foul under Rule 1-40-c.
Particularly when restoring a ball without the assistance of a referee, players must ensure that they have reached a satisfactory agreement on the restored position.
10. Situation:
Player A has disturbed the 7-ball before shooting, and Player B has made their decision regarding restoration.
Player A then shoots, and a ball set in motion by the shot contacts the 7-ball.
Ruling: No effect – play continues.
Discussion:
Once a decision has been made concerning whether to restore that ball then the position decided on is FINAL and becomes the original position of that ball from that point forward.
Any further intentional movement of the object ball is a DELIBERATE FOUL.
Particularly when restoring a ball without the assistance of a referee, players must ensure that they have reached a satisfactory agreement on the restored position.
11. Situation:
Player A legally pockets the game winning ball and all of the balls on the table have stopped moving.
Player A then disturbs more than one object ball.
Ruling: No effect – Player A wins the game.
Discussion:
When the balls have stopped moving, the game was OVER.
1. Situation:
Player A plays a shot that is legal in all respects.
As the cue ball is slowing at the end of the shot,
Player A lightly taps the rail with his hand in a gesture of desire for the cue ball to stop rolling.
Ruling: Legal,
provided the referee judges that the tapping was not hard enough to interfere with the action or position of any ball on the table.
2. Situation:
Player A disturbs a ball and, either while the disturbed ball is still in motion or after it has come to rest and before Player B has a chance to exercise the option to leave it in place, touches it or picks it up in order to restore its position.
Ruling: FOUL, but not a deliberate foul.
The proper citation is disturbed ball rule.
3. Situation:
Playing on a table with a ball return system.
Player A, either as the shooter or the non-shooting player, attempts to retrieve any ball by reaching into a pocket after the ball has been pocketed but BEFORE it has entered the ball return system.
Ruling:
Deliberate foul under 1-40-d.
Exception: legal if the pocketed ball is stationary but has remained in the pocket because of a defect in the pocket lining or ball return system.

This rule does not apply to handing or moving the cue ball to the opponent after a foul has already been committed.
It is common for a player to want to end their inning without disturbing the lay of the table.
However, the only way to end your inning without violating UNSPORTSMANLIKE CONDUCT is to attempt a legal stroke.
Any other action, including refusing to shoot, is a violation of UNSPORTSMANLIKE CONDUCT.

General Discussion:
The term "cue ball fouls only", while a misnomer, is so commonly used that CSI will continue its use.
However, as the rule describes, it clearly does not mean that no fouls can occur if the cue ball is not involved.
The term applies to fouls involving disturbed balls.

The term “outcome of the shot” is considered to mean only the action of the balls on the table as a result of the immediate shot, and is not related to the ending position of the table or any effect the ending position may have on the desires, strategy or intentions of the offended player.

The effect of the above statement is that, while extremely rare, it is possible that a foul may be committed under Rule 1-33 that results in the offended player being left in an undesirable position.
However, the possibility of such an event is outweighed by the offended player (in most games) having ball in hand and the strategic advantages that are inherent with it.
If it can be determined that an offending player deliberately created a situation that was detrimental to the offended player by abusing the provisions of Rule 1-33, it may be considered unsportsmanlike conduct and the offended player may be awarded a remedy to counteract the undesirable position.
Whether a ball has passed through the area originally occupied by a disturbed ball is at the sole judgment of the referee.
a. Deflecting cue ball on a break shot:
After a stroke on a break shot, including a miscue, it is a deliberate foul if you intentionally touch or deflect the cue ball.

The break is illegal, regardless of whether the cue ball contacts the rack, or whether specific game rules for break shots are met.

Your opponent may either re-rack and break or require you to re-rack and break again.
b. Cue ball:
It is a deliberate foul if you intentionally:
1) strike, move or deflect the cue ball with anything other than your cue tip (except when you have ball in hand);
2) pick up or contact the cue ball while it or any other ball is in motion;
3) end your inning by picking up the cue ball, or by refusing to shoot;
4) cause the cue ball to move by contacting or moving any part of the table in any way.
c. Object balls:
It is a deliberate foul if you intentionally stop or deflect any object ball that is in motion, or intentionally move any stationary object ball that is in play, by any method other than a legal shot, including by intentionally contacting or moving any part of the table in any way.
Penalties First violation of (c): your opponent may have the object ball restored (if it was stationary), pocketed or left in its position after the foul.
However, it is LOSS OF GAME if it is the 8 ball, if any deflected object ball contacts any other ball, or if more than one ball is moved.
d. Placing hand in pocket:
It is a deliberate foul if you catch any ball that is falling into a pocket, or place your hand into a pocket while any ball in play is in motion near that pocket.

First violation of (d): if the cue ball, ball in hand.
If an object ball, your opponent may have the ball placed along the lip of the pocket, pocketed, or left in position.
However, it is loss of game if the ball involved is the game winning ball.
(8-Ball exception for first violation: if the 8-ball is involved and it is the break shot, it is not loss of game).

During a game, it is a deliberate foul if you commit any of the above acts, whether shooting or not.

In addition to the penalties under the General Rules and specific game rules, you incur additional penalties if indicated, and upon the first violation you will receive a mandatory warning that second and subsequent violations of the same sub-section during the match will be penalized by loss of game.

ADDITIONAL FOULS

All fouls must be CALLED and ACKNOWLEDGED before next shot is taken. (exception: scratching)
The following results in fouls:
1. Shooting the cue ball into a pocket or off table.
2. When placing the cue ball in position, any forward stroke motion contacting the cue ball will be a foul, if not a legal shot.
3. Shooting without at least one foot touching the floor.
4. Picking up or shooting the cue ball while any balls are still in motion is a foul.
5. Push shots and or double hits will be considered fouls.
6. With cue ball in hand, touching any object ball with the cue ball is a foul or touching any object ball with your hand while touching the cue ball is a foul.
7. Jumping object balls off the table.
8. Illegal jumping of ball. (scooping)

BALL IN HAND PLACEMENT

With cue ball in hand, the freedom to place the ball anywhere on the table does not include placement of the ball for the purpose of measuring a gap between balls, between a ball and a cushion, or in an attempt to determine whether a ball can be contacted before another ball.

The provisions of Rule 1-3-1-g apply to ball in hand placement, and a foul may occur if any particular use, placement or motion of the cue ball, while in hand, violates that rule.

It is not necessarily a defense against a foul for a player with ball in hand to use the cue ball in such a manner, and then claim that they were considering shooting from a particular position and changed their mind.

Whether a foul has occurred in such a situation is at the sole judgment of the referee.
Situation:
Player A, with ball in hand and preparing to break with the cue ball resting in the kitchen, adjusts the position of the cue ball very slightly with a motion of the cue that meets the definition of “Legal Stroke”.
Ruling: FOUL.

Discussion: Placement of the cue ball in preparation for a break shot is no different from placement any other time that you have ball in hand.
If the referee picks up the cue ball to give it to a player for ball in hand and disturbs one or more balls when doing so, they must be restored by the referee.
1. Situation:
Player A, with ball in hand, drops the cue ball into a pocket or knocks it into a pocket before executing a stroke.
Ruling: Player A still has ball in hand.

1. When you have ball in hand, you may use your hand or any part of your cue, including the tip, to position the cue ball. If you use your cue to place the cue ball, any action that would be a legal stroke will be considered a shot, and must meet the requirements of a legal shot or it is a foul.

2. Once you have picked up or moved the cue ball to take ball in hand, it remains in hand until it is contacted by the tip on your next stroke. You may place the cue ball, pick it up or move it again, and replace it successive times until you take that stroke.

3. Immediately after a foul, when you are picking up or moving the cue ball the first time to take ball in hand (as opposed to placing the cue ball or picking it up again for successive placements before the next shot), the provisions of Rule 1-33-1 apply to touching or disturbing a single object ball with the cue ball or your hand. You may request that a referee pick the cue ball up for you immediately after a foul.

4. When placing or moving the cue ball, it is a foul if you touch or disturb any object ball with the cue ball or your hand that holds the cue ball. Your "hand" is defined as including the wrist up to a point where a wristwatch would normally be worn. Your opponent has no restoration option.

START OF GAME

LAG FOR BREAK

This rule applies if players are required to lag by event regulations.

1. The lag begins with each player having ball in hand behind the head string, one to the left of the long string and one to the right. The balls must be of equal size and weight. The players shoot at approximately the same time toward the foot cushion. The ball must contact the foot cushion. When the balls come to rest, the player whose ball is closest to the head cushion wins the lag. The players will lag again if the lag is a tie, or if one player strikes the ball after the other player's ball has contacted the foot cushion.

2. You lose the lag if your ball:
a. does not contact the foot cushion;
b. contacts the foot cushion more than once;
c. crosses the long string;
d. contacts a side cushion;
e. is pocketed or jumped off the table;
f. comes to rest past the nose of the head cushion. (See Diagram)

BREAKING SUBSEQUENT GAMES OF A MATCH

In matches consisting of multiple games, the Administrative Authority of the event will set the procedure for determining which player or team will break subsequent racks.

General Discussion:
It is your responsibility to know when it is your turn to break.
If the incorrect player breaks a game and the error is discovered before the game is completed, the game will be re-racked with the proper player breaking.
If the error is not discovered until after the game is completed then the results of the game are final.

When the procedure for breaking subsequent games of a match calls for alternating breaks, if the incorrect player breaks a game and the error is discovered after the game is completed, the original order of the break in the following games shall remain as if no error had occurred.

The winner of the lag decides who breaks the first game of the match.
In subsequent games, the break must follow the procedure required by either specific game rules or event regulations.
You may not voluntarily pass the break to your opponent. Intentionally executing an illegal break in order to avoid breaking will be penalized as Unsportsmanlike Conduct.

RACKING PROCEDURES

To ensure play is not delayed, an undue amount of time shall not be spent attempting to put out a perfect rack if the apex ball will not stay exactly on the foot spot.

If the apex ball consistently shifts slightly when attempting to rack, it is permissible to adjust the position of the remaining balls to match the position of the settled apex ball.

1. You must rack for yourself when you are breaking. (Exception: 14.1 Continuous)

2. You must rack the balls as tightly as possible.
Each ball should touch all balls adjacent to it.

3. After you rack the balls, your opponent may inspect the rack but MUST NOT touch any ball. If your opponent is not satisfied with the rack, they may require you to re-rack the balls one time. After one re-rack, if both players cannot agree that the rack is suitable for play a referee must be called. The referee will then rack the balls for that game. If the referee racks the balls, the opponent may inspect the rack but must accept the rack as is.

4. You should refrain from tapping balls unless necessary. It is preferable to brush the area of the rack and ensure that the spot attached to the cloth, if any, is in good condition.

5. If the arrangement of the rack does not meet the requirements of the specific game, it will be corrected without penalty.

If your opponent's rack does not meet the requirements and you do not notify them before they break, the game will continue with no penalty.

8 BALL RACK

The common practice of alternating solids and stripes around the outside of the rack is permissible, provided the pattern is altered so there is a stripe in one rear corner and a solid in the other and that the position of any particular ball is not consistent between racks.

The player that is breaking will rack.

1. The balls are racked in a triangle at the foot of the table with the 8-ball in the center of the triangle.

2. The first ball of the rack is on the footspot.

3. A stripe ball is in one corner of the back of the rack.

4. A solid ball is in the opposite corner of the rack.

BREAKING

THE BREAK

A soft break is when you break so soft as to drive the minimum of 4 object balls to a rail.

If you intend to break softly, you must notify your opponent and allow them the opportunity to call a referee to watch your break.

If you fail to notify your opponent you will receive a mandatory warning on the first offense.
Second and subsequent offenses are FOULS.
1. Situation: Player A, preparing to break and having placed the cue ball, accidentally or intentionally contacts the cue ball with a legal stroke motion.

Regardless of the reason (accidental contact, miscue or any other reason) and regardless of how far the cue ball moves, four object balls are not driven to a rail and no ball is pocketed.

Ruling: ILLEGAL BREAK. Player B may
a. re-rack the balls and break;
b. require you to re-rack the balls and break again;
If there is also a foul on the break, the illegal break takes precedence and is enforced instead of the foul.

You begin the break with ball in hand behind the head string. When positioning the cue ball for the break shot, the base of the ball must be behind the headstring (kitchen).
The break is not a called shot, and you may not call a ball or a safety on the break.

There is no requirement for the cue ball to contact any particular ball first.

You must legally pocket a ball or cause at least four object balls to contact one or more cushions or it is an illegal break.

If you legally pocket a ball, you continue to shoot.

If you do not legally pocket a ball or you commit a foul, your inning ends.

FOULS ON THE BREAK

The following are fouls that can happen on a break.

a. Cue ball scratching after break.
b. Knocking ANY ball off the table.
( Object balls stay down and 8 ball is spotted in numerical order )
c. Not driving 4 object balls to a rail.
d. Stopping or deflecting the cue ball prior to hitting the racked balls.

BCAPL RULES - Ball in hand to opposing player.

VNEA RULES - Opposing player shoots from the kitchen.

8-BALL ON THE BREAK

1. Situation: Player A breaks and pockets the 8-ball. Before Player A elects to re-break or spot the 8 ball, Player B approaches the table and either:
(a) picks up the cue ball;
(b) gathers the balls to the foot of the table in preparation for a re-rack.
Ruling:
(a) FOUL on Player B. Player A will first make the choice to spot the 8-ball or re-rack. If Player A chooses to spot the 8-Ball, they will have ball in hand anywhere on the table.

(b) LOSS OF GAME for Player B under Concesion Of Game rule.

Discussion: In Situation 1(a), although Player A must complete their options of re-break or spot the 8 ball in order to continue the game, the foul on Player B occurred after the break shot had been completed, and is therefore penalized appropriately.

8 Ball on the break does not win the game for the breaker.

If make the 8-ball on the break and do not foul, you may:
a. Have the 8-ball spotted and shoot.
b. Re-rack the balls and break again.

If make the 8-ball on the break and foul, your inning ends. Your opponent may:
a. Have the 8-ball spotted and take ball in hand anywhere on the table;
b. Re-rack the balls and break.

If the 8-ball is pocketed on the break, and it is not noticed until after another shot has been taken.

The game will be replayed with the player who broke the game breaking again.

SHOOTING FROM THE KITCHEN

1. Situation:
Player A shoots from position C1, contacting the 3-ball while the cue ball is still behind the line.
Ruling: Legal.
The 3-ball is below the head string (out of the kitchen).
The position of the cue ball when it strikes the 3-ball is not relevant.

2. Situation:
Player A shoots from position C1, contacting the 5-ball.
Ruling: Legal.
The 5-ball is on the head string, which is not part of the kitchen.

3. Situation:
Player A calls the 4-ball in Pocket B, shoots from position C1, contacts the 3-ball, and then draws the cue ball back to pocket the 4-ball.
Ruling: Legal.
The 4-ball was not the first ball contacted by the cue ball, and the first ball contacted was below the head string (out of the kitchen).

4. Situation:
Player A calls the 4-ball in pocket B, and then shoots from position C2 with extreme spin.
The cue ball contacts the side cushion at a point below the head string, and then pockets the 4-ball.
Ruling: Legal. The cue ball’s contact with the first cushion was below the head string (out of the kitchen).

5. Situation:
Player A calls the 1-ball in Pocket A, and then shoots from position C3, cutting the 1-ball into Pocket A.
The cue ball is past the head string when it contacts the 1-ball.
Ruling: FOUL. The 1-ball was behind the head string and was the first ball contacted by the cue ball.
The cue ball did not contact a cushion at a point below the head string before contacting the 1-ball, nor was the cue ball's first contact with a ball below the head string.
The fact that the cue ball crossed the head string before contacting the 1-ball is irrelevant.

6. Situation:
Player A calls an object ball that is outside of the kitchen, then places the cue ball in position C4 and kicks at the called ball by contacting a cushion behind the head string first.
Ruling: FOUL.
The cue ball’s contact with the first cushion was behind the line (in the kitchen).

The only relevant information concerning this rule is the position of the object or cue ball when it makes contact with another ball or a cushion.
That position is the base of the ball.
The edges of the ball have no relevance. When breaking or you have ball in hand after a foul on the break (VNEA).
Incoming player has cue ball in hand behind the headstring and may not shoot an object ball whose base is not outside the headstring.

You may first shoot the cue ball past the headstring and causes the cue ball to come back behind the headstring and hit the object ball.

If a player positions the cue ball completely and obviously outside the kitchen and shoots the cue ball, it is a FOUL, IF CALLED BY THE OPPONENT.

The opposing player must inform the breaking player of improper positioning of the cue ball before the shot is made. If the opposing player does not so inform the breaking player before the shot is made, the break is considered legal. If the shooting player is informed of improper positioning, he/she must then reposition the cue ball.

AFTER THE BREAK

ESTABLISHING GROUPS

General Discussion: If a game has ended and then the players realize they shot the wrong groups, the game is not replayed and the result stands.

1. Situation: With the table open, Player A calls a safety and pockets a stripe.

Ruling:
Legal shot. Player A's inning ends. Player B accepts the table in position.
The table is still open. Groups cannot be established by a safety.

After a legal break the table is still OPEN and either STRIPES or SOLIDS can be shot by the shooter to establish a group.

Groups are established when the first object ball is legally pocketed on a shot after the break.

The player legally pocketing the first ball is assigned that group, and the opponent is assigned the other group.

You cannot establish a group on a safety.

In BCAPL you cannot use the 8 ball as the first ball in a combination shot to establish a group. In VNEA you can.

Note: If all balls of either group are pocketed on the break or illegally pocketed before groups are established, either player may legally shoot the 8-ball during their inning. You win the game if you legally pocket the 8-ball on such a shot.

SHOOTING THE WRONG GROUP

Once they are established, groups can never change for the remainder of that game.

If a player shoots the wrong group it is a FOUL.

If a player shoots the wrong group and no foul is called before the next shot and the player continues to shoot at that group, or if at any time during the game it is discovered by either player or a referee that the players are shooting the wrong groups, the game will be replayed with the player who broke the game breaking again.

If a game has ended and then the players realize they shot the wrong groups, the game is not replayed and the result stands.

SHOTS

CALL BALL AND POCKET

You must designate the called ball and the called pocket before each shot.

You may make the designation verbally or by a clear, unambiguous gesture.

You are not required to call obvious shots.

You are not required to indicate incidental kisses and caroms, or incidental cushion contacts that do not constitute bank shots or kick shots.

Not all kisses, caroms and cushion contacts are incidental.

If a dispute arises as to whether a shot was obvious based on such contact, the referee is the sole judge.
You may only call one ball on a shot. If you call more than one ball, or if you use any conditional phrase such as “just in case” concerning possibly pocketing more than one ball, your inning ends after the shot regardless of whether you pocket any ball.
Any ball pocketed on such a shot is an illegally pocketed ball.
Your opponent accepts the table in position.
If you are not certain what shot your opponent is attempting, it is your responsibility to ask.
You must ask before your opponent is down on the shot.
With the exception of shots defined as not obvious, if you do not ask and a dispute arises as to whether the shot was obvious, the referee is the sole judge.
You must always call shots that are defined as not obvious.
This rule applies regardless of whether or not your opponent asks about the shot, and regardless of how simple or obvious the shot may appear.
When calling shots defined as not obvious, you are only required to designate the called ball and called pocket. If shooting a combination shot, you do not have to say the word “combination”, or state which ball will be struck first or the sequence of balls.
When shooting a bank shot or kick shot you do not have to say the word “bank” or “kick” nor specify which cushions will be involved in the shot.
When the game winning ball is your legal object ball, if you pocket the ball on a shot defined as not obvious but fail to call the shot: your inning ends, the ball is spotted, and the incoming player must accept the table in position.
Exception: Rule does not apply to 8-Ball.
If you do not call a shot defined as not obvious and you pocket any ball on such a shot, your inning ends.
The incoming player accepts the table in position.
A shot that was obvious prior to the shot will count for the shooter if the shot inadvertently:
a. becomes a bank shot because the called ball did not go directly into the called pocket but instead contacted two or more cushions prior to being pocketed in the called pocket, or;
b. becomes a kick shot because the cue ball initially missed the called ball, contacted one or more cushions, and then pocketed the called ball in the called pocket.
When the term "call" or "calling" is used in the rules or Applied Rulings, it refers to the act of a player explicitly communicating their intentions to their opponent, either verbally or by gesture, for the purpose of calling a shot defined as not obvious.

Likewise, a reference to "not calling", "without calling" or 'did not call", indicates that the player did not explicitly communicate their intentions before a shot defined as not obvious.
When a referee is at the table, they assume the duties and responsibilities of the non-shooting player, and any statement made by the shooter and heard by the referee, such as calling a shot, shall be considered sufficient notification to the non-shooting player.

For shots other than those defined as not obvious, if a referee at a table is satisfied that the intended shot is made, the referees judgment takes precedence over any doubt that the player in the chair may have.

1. Situation:
Player A, with the cue ball at position C1, addresses the shot to pocket the 2- ball in pocket A.
Both players consider the shot obvious.
Player A misses the direct shot and the 2-ball travels four cushions around the table, returning to be pocketed in A.
Ruling: Legal. Player A's inning continues.

2. Situation:
Player A, with the cue ball at position C2, addresses the shot intending to play a combination shot and calls the 7-ball in pocket C.
Player B acknowledges the call.
The 3-ball misses the 7-ball entirely, but the cue ball follows behind and contacts the 7- ball, pocketing it in C.
Ruling: Legal. Player A's inning continues.

The fact that the combination was not completed as intended is overridden by the fact that the called ball was made in the called pocket.

3. Situation:
Player A, with the cue ball at position C3, addresses the shot to pocket the 5- ball in pocket B.
Both players consider the shot obvious.
The 5-ball rattles in the jaws of pocket B and stops, after which the cue ball follows behind it and pockets it into Pocket B.
Ruling: Legal. Player A's inning continues. Incidental contact

Rule applies only to games designated by specific game rules as
CALL SHOT GAMES.
Click buttons for more information.

LEGAL SHOT

1. Situation:
Player A mistakes an object ball for the cue ball and shoots with the object ball unintentionally acting as the cue ball.

Ruling: FOUL.
Player B accepts the object balls in position.
2. Situation:
Player A shoots and the intended object ball rebounds from the pocket.
Neither the cue ball nor any other ball contacts a cushion or is pocketed.
Ruling:
The ball is not pocketed, but the shot is legal. For meeting the requirements of Rule 1-19-1-b, any ball that rebounds from a pocket is considered to have contacted a cushion.
3. Situation:
Player A shoots and the intended object ball comes to rest within the mouth of a pocket but without contacting a cushion.
The edge of the ball is past the nose of one or both cushions (Figure 10-6).
Neither the cue ball nor any other ball contacts a cushion or is pocketed.
Ruling: FOUL.
The edge of a ball coming to rest past the nose of a cushion does not constitute contact with the cushion.

4. Situation:
Player A, with the 3-ball as a legal object ball, contacts the 3-ball, driving it across the mouth of the side pocket and contacting the cushion on the other side.
Neither the cue ball nor any other object ball contacts a cushion or is pocketed.
Ruling: Legal shot.

The 3-ball near pocket A has been declared frozen to the cushion.

5. Situation:
The cue ball simultaneously contacts a cushion and an object ball frozen to that cushion.
There are no other balls or cushions contacted and no ball is pocketed.
Ruling: Legal shot.
Figure 10-8 applies to Situation 6. Multiple shots are represented. The 1-ball, 4-ball and the 6-ball have been declared frozen to the cushion.
6. Situation:
(a) Player A, with the 7-ball as a legal object ball, shoots at the 7.
The cue ball contacts the 7-ball, and then contacts the 1-ball.
Neither the 7-ball nor the 1-ball contacts any other cushion.
The cue ball does not contact a cushion.
(b) Player A, with the 4-ball as a legal object ball, shoots at the 4.
The cue ball contacts the 4-ball, and then contacts the 6-ball.
Neither the 4-ball nor the 6-ball contacts any other cushion. The cue ball does not contact a cushion.
Ruling: (a) and (b) - FOUL.
Since the balls were declared frozen, the cue ball contacting them does not constitute cushion contact.

Figure 10-9 applies to Situation 7. The 5-ball near pocket A has been declared frozen to the cushion.
7. Situation:
Player A, with the 5-ball as a legal object ball, contacts the 5-ball, driving it away from the cushion.
Then, because of an imperfection in the table or other reason, the 5-ball returns to the same cushion without contacting another ball.
Neither the cue ball nor any other object ball contacts a cushion or is pocketed.

Ruling: FOUL.
To be legal, the 5-ball must contact an object ball before returning to the cushion it was frozen to at the beginning of the shot.

On all shots the shooter must hit one of his group of balls first and then
(1) pocket any group ball or
(2) cause the cue ball or any other ball to contact a rail.

Failure to make a legal shot as noted above is a FOUL.

LEGAL SHOT

Example Of A Illegal Stroke.

You must use a legal stroke.

Any lifting, sideways, or other brushing motion of the cue, such that the force that propels the cue ball does not primarily result from a forward motion of the cue as defined under “Legal Stroke”, is a FOUL.

OBVIOUS SHOT

An Obvious shot in one which the non-shooting player has no doubt as to, or does not question, the ball and the pocket.

A shot in which the cue ball has a clear path to the object ball and the object ball has a clear path to the pocket.

The following types of shots are exceptions and are defined as being "not obvious":
a. bank shots;
b. kick shots
c. combination shots;
d. shots that include caroms, kisses or cushion contacts that are not incidental;
e. any shot judged as not obvious by the referee.

COMBINATION SHOT

On a combination shot, the called ball might not be the last ball in the series of balls struck or the first ball to be pocketed in the called pocket.
In figure 10-1, the player may call the 12-ball in the corner pocket, intending to pocket it after the solid ball is pocketed first. It is still a combination shot as defined.

Figure 10-2 depicts a combination shot. This figure is included specifically to emphasize the provision of the rule that a combination shot, no matter how obvious it may appear, MUST be called. If the shooter pockets the 12-ball in Figure 10-2 and does not call the shot, the inning is ended.

However, in Figure 10-3, if the shooter in an 8-Ball game, having stripes as their established group, addresses the 12-ball, the shot would be considered obvious, and any contact of the 12-ball with the solid ball would be an incidental kiss. Even if the solid ball falls in before, after, or at about the same time as the stripe, it will not be considered a combination shot.

Situation: Player A has solids. Player A, without calling the shot, shoots the 6-ball into the 12, pocketing the 6-ball after the 12-ball.

Ruling: Player A’s inning ends. Player B accepts the table in position.

Discussion: This type of shot is included in the definition of “Combination”, and therefore must be called.
In practice, you may protect yourself against any possible shot by calling all shots that may have even a remote appearance of a combination, and communicating your intentions clearly to your opponent. If a shot is disputed after the fact, the referee's judgment will be final concerning whether the shot was a combination.

1. A shot in which the cue ball first contacts a ball other than the called ball, followed by that ball then contacting the called ball or other object ball(s) which then contact the called ball.

2. A shot in which the called ball contacts another ball that is blocking the called ball’s path to the called pocket, and the blocking ball is pocketed in the called pocket before the called ball.

Combination shots must be CALLED and ACKNOWLEDGED by your opponent.
FOUL for the following:
1) The first ball you hit in the combination is not a ball from your group.
2) You cannot use the 8 Ball as the first ball in the combination.
(exception: VNEA after the break)

DOUBLE HIT

The cue ball is frozen to the 10-ball, with the 3-ball close by but not frozen to the cue ball.
The shooter may shoot toward the 10-ball using any legal stroke, and by rule the contact between the cue ball and the 10-ball will be legal.
However, if the shooter elects to use an angle that drives the cue ball toward the 3-ball, there is a possibility that a miscue may occur with respect to the cue ball and 3-ball, creating a double hit foul under the miscue rule regardless of the legality of the initial contact with the 10-ball.
This is only one of countless possibilities.
Care should be taken anytime another object ball or cushion is near the frozen cue ball, as well as near the ball or cushion to which it is frozen.
When the cue ball is frozen to an object ball, a foul can still occur if the cue tip is kept in contact with the cue ball for longer than a normal stroke, resulting in a push shot.
Situation:
Player A,
(a) while breaking, or
(b) on a shot after the break,
accidentally contacts the cue ball during a practice stroke, then immediately executes a shot while the cue ball is still in motion or after it has come to rest.

Ruling: (a) and (b): FOUL
Double Hit, regardless of whether the second stroke was deliberate or impulsive.
The term "fine angle" used in Double Hit is often referred to in various other ways, including the common terms "thinning", "feathering", "sharp cut" or "barely grazing".

However, when attempting to avoid a foul by complying with the provisions of the rule, there is not necessarily a particular angle that will guarantee a legal shot in any given circumstance.

Whether a shot of this type is legal is affected by several factors, and the referee's judgment is FINAL.

A double hit is a FOUL.

Double hit is defined as:

1. When the cue tip strikes the cue ball more than once on a single stroke.

2. When any part of the cue contacts the cue ball after the cue ball’s initial contact with an object ball.

PUSH SHOT

A push shot is a FOUL.

A push shot hit is defined as:

A shot in which the cue tip maintains contact with the cue ball longer than the momentary contact allowed for a legal stroke.

Do not confuse the term “Push Shot” with a double hit.
They are not the same thing.

A push shot occurs when, intentionally or unintentionally, the cue tip rests on the cue ball significantly longer than during a normal stroke, essentially resulting in the cue “shoving” the cue ball as opposed to “striking” it.

Whether a push shot has occurred is at the sole judgment of the referee.

SIMULTANEOUS HIT

A simultaneous hit shot is NOT a foul.

A simultaneous hit shot is defined as:

1. When the cue ball first strikes more than one object ball at the same time.

2. When it cannot be determined which object ball the cue ball struck first.

MISCUES

General Discussion, – Double Hits vs. Miscues:
The general intent of the Double Hit rule is to regulate double hits resulting from multiple tip contacts or continuous contact during the stroke, caused because of the cue ball's proximity to a nearby ball or cushion.

In that situation, however, it is also possible that an unintentional miscue may happen, and a double hit foul will occur during the miscue with the second contact being with the ferrule or the shaft, as opposed to the tip.

A simple miscue, with no associated double hit foul as described above, has no effect on a shot under the rules.
If there is no associated double hit, and a called ball is pocketed despite a miscue, it is simply a lucky occurrence for the shooter.
Situation:
Player A,
(a) while breaking, or
(b) on a shot after the break,
accidentally contacts the cue ball during a practice stroke, then immediately executes a shot while the cue ball is still in motion or after it has come to rest.

Ruling: (a) and (b): FOUL
Double Hit, regardless of whether the second stroke was deliberate or impulsive.

A stroke that unintentionally results in faulty cue tip contact with the cue ball (such as the cue tip sliding off the cue ball), often accompanied by a sharp sound not usually associated with a normal stroke.

FROZEN BALLS

This is a legal shot.

After the cue ball makes contact with the frozen ball, the shot must result in any of the following conditions:
a) A ball being pocketed.
b) The cue ball contacting a cushion.
c) The frozen ball being caused to contact a cushion attached to a separate rail.
d) Another object ball being caused to contact a cushion with which it was not already in contact.
Failure to satisfy one of those four requirements is a FOUL.

A ball which is touching a cushion at the start of a shot and then is forced into a cushion attached to the same rail is not considered to have been driven to that cushion unless it leaves the cushion, contacts another ball, and then contacts the cushion again.

An object ball is not considered frozen to a cushion unless it is declared frozen immediately prior to the shot and before the shooter is down on the shot.

Contacting a ball frozen to a cushion does not constitute contacting that cushion.

1. The cue ball is not considered frozen to an object ball or cushion unless it is declared frozen immediately prior to the shot.
2. If the cue ball is frozen to a legal object ball, it is legal to shoot toward the object ball provided you use a legal stroke.
3. If the cue ball is frozen to a cushion, it is legal to shoot the cue ball into the cushion provided you use a legal stroke.
4. Despite the legality of the stroke with respect to the cue ball and frozen ball or cushion, the presence of one or more other object balls or a cushion nearby a frozen cue ball or object ball may create the possibility of a violation of Rule 1-30 involving the cue ball and the nearby ball or cushion.
5. Shooting the cue ball away from an object ball that is frozen to the cue ball does not constitute contacting that object ball.

A frozen ball is one that the ball is touching a rail or the cue ball.
An object ball is not considered frozen to a cushion or rail unless it is EXAMINED AND ANNOUNCED as such by either the referee or one of the players prior to that object ball being involved in a shot.
(This applies to any shot where the cue ball’s first contact with a ball is with one that is frozen to a cushion or to the cue ball itself).

SAFETY PLAY

The definition of "safety”, and safety play in general, is affected by issues similar to the ones discussed in the Applied Ruling for “Combination”. The most common issue is the possible conflict between the "undeclared" safety that results in a pocketed ball and whether or not the shot was obvious. By "undeclared" safety, we mean a shot in which the player does not intend to pocket a ball yet does not declare a safety, which many players frequently do when playing what they perceive as simple defensive shots.

There are no diagrams for this discussion because there are countless possibilities. The problem occurs when a player, successfully attempting to play defensively and leaving the cue ball in a difficult position, also unintentionally pockets a legal object ball on the same shot. The player had no idea the ball was going to be pocketed, and so did not declare a safety. Neither player wants to shoot from the resulting difficult position of the cue ball, so a dispute ensues about whether or not the pocketed ball could have been considered obvious.

In many situations like this, the unintentionally pocketed ball is the result of a shot that is defined as not obvious. Such shots do not apply to this discussion because they must be called, so the issue cannot arise. If no call is made before such a shot and a ball is pocketed, the shooter is prohibited from continuing by rule.

However, it is possible that a situation may arise in which the pocketed ball is the result of shot that falls under either subsection (d) or (e) of the definition of “Obvious Ball”. In those situations, the referee is the sole judge of whether the shot was obvious, and therefore whether the shooter must continue (in the case of an “obvious shot” ruling), or whether the incoming player must accept the table in position (in the case of a “not obvious” shot ruling.)

In this situation, the shooter's opponent may not necessarily use the provision of Rule 1- 16-2 to argue that a shot was obvious under the framework of the safety rules simply because they did not question the shot before it occurred. That is not within the intent of the rule.

As with combinations, there is a simple way you can protect yourself from any possible detrimental effects of the safety rules: always call a safety if you do not want to shoot again, and always communicate your intentions clearly and verbally to your opponent. While it is not required by the rules to call a safety if you are playing defensively and not attempting to pocket a ball, and while it is true that many simple defensive shots are not actually "safety" shots as defined by the rules, there is no prohibition against declaring a safety even if you do not intend to pocket a ball. Then, if you do accidentally pocket a ball, there will be no dispute. Otherwise, it will be a judgment call by the referee.
If following the advice in the Applied Ruling for “Safety,” care should be taken when shooting the 8-ball.

In 8-ball, any ball pocketed on a safety, whether intentional or not, is defined as an illegally pocketed ball.

If you call a safety while shooting the 8-ball and it is pocketed it is a LOSS OF GAME.
Situation 1:
Player A calls a ball and pocket, and at the same time calls a safety.
Player A completes the shot as intended, pocketing the called ball.
Ruling:
Player A's inning is ended.
The safety takes precedence over the called shot, and is enforced according to the General Rules and specific game rules.

Prior to any shot except the break, you may declare a safety. If playing a safety, you MUST communicate with your opponent in a CLEAR and UNAMBIGUOUS manner. Safeties MUST BE CALLED VERBALLY – gestures are not sufficient, no matter how clear they may appear.

The non-shooting player has responsibilities when a safety is called, and should ACKNOWLEDGE a called safety in a CLEAR and UNAMBIGUOUS manner.

If a dispute arises as to whether a safety was called, the referee is the sole judge

On a safety, your inning ends after the shot regardless of whether you pocket any ball.

If you do not declare a safety and you pocket a ball on an obvious shot, your inning continues and you MUST SHOOT AGAIN.

JUMP SHOTS AND MASSÉ SHOTS

When reading and applying the rules, take care not to confuse the terms "jumped ball" and "jump shot".
Jumped balls are balls that leave the table in accordance with the definition as provided.
On a jump shot, neither the cue ball nor the ball it jumps over are properly called “jumped balls”.

1. Jump shots are legal shots. However, it is a foul if you intentionally cause the cue ball to rise off the bed of the table by "digging under" or "scooping" the cue ball with the cue.
If such a motion is unintentional, it is considered a miscue, and not a foul in and of itself.

2. If you attempt to jump over or massé around an impeding illegal object ball then Disturbed Balls rule, does not apply to the impeding ball for that shot.
If the impeding illegal object ball moves during the stroke it is a foul regardless of whether it was moved by your equipment or any part of your body.

DURING THE GAME

SLOW PLAY

Exaggerated slow play will be penalized.

After a warning, any longer than ONE MINUTE between shots will be a foul.

The third infraction will result in loss of game.

During National competition, referees judgment will prevail and both players will be timed.

SHOT CLOCK

a. The shot clock does not apply to the first shot after the break in any game.
b. During a player’s inning, the shot clock starts when the previous shot ends and runs for 45 seconds or until cue tip to cue ball contact begins the next shot.

If a player has ball in hand, the shot clock starts when the player has possession of the cue ball and any spotting of balls or racking is finished.
c. If they are not already down on the shot when ten seconds remain on the shot clock, the player will receive a ten second warning from the referee (announced as clearly as “ten”, loudly enough for the shooter to hear).

If the player does not strike the cue ball within ten seconds, it is a FOUL.
d. If a player is already down on the shot with ten seconds remaining, no announcement is made. The shot clock will pause at ten seconds and the player may exceed the 45-second limit provided they do not stand up off the shot.

However, if the player stands up off the shot, the referee will immediately announce “ten”, and the shot clock will resume.

If the player does not strike the cue ball within ten seconds,
it is FOUL.
e. For timing purposes, “down on the shot” means the player is in a customary shooting position as it relates to their bridge hand and grip of the cue, or, if using a mechanical bridge, the bridge has been placed for the shot and the cue placed in the bridge’s groove with the player’s grip hand on the cue.
f. Each player is permitted one 45-second extension per rack. If both players are on the hill, each player is permitted two 45-second extensions. To use an extension, the player must verbally announce “extension” to the referee.

The referee will then respond with “extension” or, if the player has no extension remaining, “extension not allowed”.

For extensions, procedures with ten seconds remaining are the same as for other shots.
g. The shot clock will pause if play is stopped to summon a referee, and will start again when the referee authorizes the player to shoot. In a game in which a referee is presiding, the shot clock will pause if play must be delayed to allow the referee to take up a position, examine the table, or for any other administrative stoppage. In either case (referee presiding or not), after an administrative stoppage the shot clock may, at the referee’s discretion, be reset before authorizing the player to shoot.
General Discussion: The shot clock procedures for CSI play are designed to ensure accelerated play if the Administrative Authority deems it necessary.

Referees will observe matches and provide advice to the Administrative Authority, but they will not normally place a match on a shot clock on their own unless they have judged that a player is delaying a match in an unsportsmanlike manner.

Experience clearly shows that complaints from players are most always the result of a clash of styles between a speedy player and a deliberate player, which does not justify placing a match on a shot clock.

Historically, when referees observe players accused of playing slowly, it is rare for the average shot time of the “slow” player to exceed 45 seconds.

You are not encouraged to pursue relief from a referee unless circumstances are severe.

When a player is down on the shot at the ten-second mark, the pause in the shot clock is intended to allow the player to complete their normal shooting routine without fear of having a foul announcement made as they are preparing to execute the stroke.

The pause is not intended to give the player an extended amount of time to continue studying the table.

If the referee judges that a player is abusing the pause in order to gain an unfair advantage with respect to studying the table or making decisions, the referee may announce "ten" at their discretion and the shot clock will resume as provided for in Rule

Situation: After having announced “ten” the timekeeper calls "foul" just as Player A is moving the cue forward on a shot, and the cue tip does not contact the cue ball before the foul is called.

The player cannot stop the cue in time to keep the shot from occurring.

Ruling: FOUL. Player B accepts the object balls in position.
Discussion: Placing a match on a shot clock does not constitute the match being presided over by a referee.

If players desire a referee to watch the details of a particular shot, they must make a request as in any other match.

1. Situation: After having been called to the table to watch a shot and while the player is preparing to shoot, the referee observes the player accidentally knock a piece of chalk onto the bed of the table.

The player is unaware that the chalk is on the bed.

Procedure: The referee shall not alert the player or move the chalk. To do so could potentially affect the course of the match outside of the provisions of the rules.
While a match is in progress, the referee will take no action concerning equipment unless it is within the rules and they have been specifically asked to do so by a player.

1. There is normally no time limit for you to take a shot. However, a referee may implement a shot clock if they judge that you are delaying a match unnecessarily or in an unsportsmanlike manner, or if event officials require that a match proceed at a faster pace.

2. You may call a referee if you believe your opponent is deliberately or consistently playing at an abnormally slow pace. If, after a reasonable period of observation, the referee judges that slow play is occurring, they will warn the offending player(s).

After the warning, if the referee judges that the pace of play remains abnormally slow, they will place the player(s) on a 45-second shot clock.

DISTURBING A BALL

"Effect on the outcome of the shot" means that either the disturbed ball contacts any ball set in motion as a result of the shot, or that the base of any ball set in motion as a result of the shot passes through the area originally occupied by the disturbed ball.

That area is defined as a circle approximately seven inches in diameter centered on the position originally occupied by the disturbed ball
If a disturbed ball has no effect on the outcome of the shot, your opponent has the option to leave the disturbed ball where it came to rest or to restore it to its original position before the next shot.

If the disturbed ball is to be restored, a referee may restore it, your opponent may restore it, or you may restore it with your opponent’s permission.

It is a foul if you touch or restore the disturbed ball without your opponent's permission.
It is a FOUL if a disturbed ball has an effect on the outcome of the shot.

Your opponent has no restoration option.
If you disturb a single object ball and, in the same shot, commit a foul that is not related to the disturbed ball:

you are penalized for the foul,

and your opponent has the restoration option for the disturbed ball that was not involved in the foul.
If a single disturbed ball falls into a pocket with no effect on the outcome of a shot, your opponent has the restoration option.

HOWEVER, if the disturbed ball is the 8 ball, it must be restored.

If the 8 ball is disturbed and falls into a pocket when there is an effect on the outcome of the shot, it is LOSS OF GAME.
It is a FOUL if:
a. you disturb the cue ball;
b. you disturb more than one object ball;
c. a disturbed ball contacts any other ball;
d. you disturb a ball that is in motion.
Your opponent has no restoration option.

If the 8 ball is disturbed in conjunction with a violation of (a) through (d) and falls into a pocket, it is LOSS OF GAME.

During a game, it is not a foul if you accidentally touch or move a single stationary object ball with any part of your body, clothing or equipment, unless the disturbed ball has an effect on the outcome of the shot.

MARKING THE TABLE

It is a FOUL if you intentionally mark the table in any way to assist you in executing any shot or future shot.

Marking includes the deliberate placement of chalk or any other object at a specific point on a rail or cushion to aid the alignment of a shot, or placing any mark on any part of the table.

The FOUL occurs at the moment you mark the table, regardless of whether you remove the mark or whether a shot is taken.

SPOTTING BALLS

Balls to be spotted are placed on the long string with the number facing up. A single ball is placed on the foot spot.
If more than one ball is to be spotted, they are placed on the long string in ascending numerical order, beginning on the foot spot and moving toward the foot of the table. ( Diagram 1 )

If other balls interfere with spotting, the ball(s) to be spotted will be placed on the long string below the foot spot, but as close as possible to the foot spot, without moving the interfering balls.
If there is no space available on the long string below the foot spot, they will be placed on the long string above the foot spot, but as close as possible to the foot spot, without moving the interfering balls. ( Diagram 2 )

Whenever possible, spotted balls will be placed frozen to interfering object balls or other spotted balls.
If the cue ball is the interfering ball, the spotted ball will be placed as closely as possible to the cue ball without being frozen to it.

JAWED BALLS

Situation: (a) an object ball (b) the cue ball, comes to rest touching both the bed of the table and one or more previously pocketed balls in a full pocket.

Ruling: (a) The referee will judge whether, if the supporting ball(s) in the full pocket were removed, the ball would fall into the pocket or remain on the bed. The ball will then be pocketed or placed as judged and play will continue. (b) scratch.

If balls are wedged in the mouth of a pocket, a referee will inspect them and judge whether, if they were free to fall directly downward, the balls would come to rest on the bed of the table or in the pocket.

The referee will then place the balls in the positions as judged and play will continue.

NON-PLAYER INTERFERENCE

If balls move because of the action of a non-player or other influence beyond the control of the players, a referee will restore the balls as nearly as possible to their original positions and play will continue.

If the interference occurs during a shot and has an effect on the outcome of the shot, the shooter shoots again after the restoration.

In either case, if the referee judges that restoration is not possible, the game will be replayed with the player who broke the game breaking again.

Balls moved under such circumstances do not meet the definition of disturbed balls rule.

BALLS SETTLING OR MOVING

4. If a hanging ball drops into a pocket by itself while balls are in motion during a shot, the ruling depends on the ensuing action of the balls:

a. If no ball passes through the area originally occupied by the hanging ball, it is restored and play will continue. b. If the cue ball, before contacting another ball, passes through the area originally occupied by the hanging ball and, without contacting any other balls, either scratches or remains on the table, both the cue ball and the object ball are restored to their prior positions and you shoot again.

c. If the shot is legal and any ball passes through the area originally occupied by the hanging ball, including the cue ball with or without scratching, and any other balls are contacted by such a ball at any point during the shot, a referee will attempt to restore the position prior to the shot and you shoot again. If restoration is not possible, the game will be replayed with the player who broke the game breaking again.

d. If the shot is illegal because the cue ball first contacts an illegal object ball before it or any other ball passes through the area originally occupied by the hanging ball, it is a FOUL. The incoming player accepts the object balls in position. If the hanging ball is designated by specific game rules as the game winning ball it must be restored, otherwise it is not restored.

1. If a ball settles or otherwise moves by itself, it will remain in the position it assumed and play continues. It is not a foul if a ball settles or otherwise moves by itself as you are shooting. If a ball that you are shooting at settles while you are shooting but does not fall into a pocket, the result of the shot stands.

2. If a ball that is frozen to the cue ball moves as the cue ball leaves its original position on a shot, whether or not it was moved by the cue ball or settled on its own is determined solely by the referee's judgment.

3. If a ball is hanging on the lip of a pocket and falls into that pocket by itself after being stationary for five seconds or longer, it will be replaced as closely as possible to the position it was in prior to falling. The five-second count does not begin until all balls in play have stopped moving. Whether the shooter remains at the table does not affect the five-second period.

DOWN ON THE SHOT

1. Situation:
Player A is completely down on the shot with a bridge established. As Player A is preparing to shoot, Player B requests a stoppage.
Player A attempts to halt their shot, but contacts the cue ball.
The resulting action of the balls would normally constitute a foul.
Ruling: FOUL on Player B. Player A accepts the object balls in position.

Discussion: This situation is an exception to the principle that a foul by one player can override an earlier foul in the same inning (see Applied Ruling 1-24 Situation 1). The result of Player A's action was directly caused by Player B's untimely interruption, and the shot that would have been a foul does not override the foul by Player B.

2. Situation:
Player A calls a shot and Player B requests that play be stopped so a referee may be called. While waiting for a referee, Player A decides to play a different shot, and shoots without the permission of Player B or the referee.
Ruling: FOUL on Player A. Even if the shot is changed, once play has stopped Player A must receive permission from either a referee or Player B to shoot.

General Discussion: When requesting that a player at the table stop shooting, or when requesting information concerning what shot is being played, requests should be made as soon as possible.
While Rules 1-9-1 and 1-16-2 specify that questions must be asked prior to a player being down on a shot, situations may arise in which it is not apparent what the shooter intends to do before they start to go down on the shot.

Remember that, by definition, "down on the shot" means having settled completely into a shooting position with a bridge established and pre-shot practice strokes, if any, imminent or in progress.
While the player’s shooting style will be considered, simply leaning over the table and placing the bridge hand on the bed does not necessarily constitute being down on a shot.

In particular, a normally quick shooter may not use their style as an excuse to circumvent their opponent’s right to obtain information.
Players that choose to use a style that has little or no pre-shot routine, or a style that has no warm-up stroke motions, must take extra care to either communicate their intentions to their opponent or allow their opponent sufficient time to ask questions or summon a referee.

In no case may a shooter, regardless of their style of play, intentionally try to get down on a shot quickly in an attempt to prevent an opponent from asking a question or stopping play.
It is also not permissible to lead the non-shooter to believe that you intend to play one shot, then quickly adjust and play a different shot without giving them time to request information or stop play.
Either of those situations may be treated as Unsportsmanlike Conduct.

If a shooter has just leaned over the table to assume a shooting position but has not yet firmly established the position and started or prepared to start practice strokes, it is still permissible to stop play.
At the same time, to help prevent that situation from occurring, when in the chair you must make a reasonable effort to remain alert and to anticipate situations in which you may want to stop play or request information, and do so before the shooter starts to go down on the shot.

If you wish to stop play in order to summon a referee, you must clearly let your opponent know and ensure that your opponent acknowledges your request.
If, during your opponent's turn, you leave the table or area to summon a referee without first stopping play, your opponent may continue to shoot without penalty.

Thorough and clear communication is required of all players.
If a dispute arises, or if players have persistent problems regarding this issue during a match, the referee will be the sole judge of what remedies or penalties shall be imposed, and both players may be subject to unsportsmanlike conduct warnings or penalties.

Violations involving shooting while play is stopped or suspended do not require that the stroke or shot take place on the table on which the suspension is in effect.
A stroke or shot on any table at the event venue is illegal under Rules 1-9 and 1-10.

During extended stoppages or suspensions caused by unusual circumstances (e.g., loss of power or equipment failure,) referees or event officials may temporarily suspend Rule 1-8 at their discretion and allow players to practice during the delay.

MISC NOTES

1. If a shooter inadvertently pockets his opponents ball, it remains down, however, if the shooter does not legally pocket one of his own group, he loses his turn.

2. Each player continues to shoot so long as he legally pockets any of his object balls (Exception: calling a safety). Should a player fail to pocket his designated group ball, he shall lose his turn.

3. If a player fails to hit the 8-ball while shooting at it, it is a FOUL and the game continues. When the 8-ball is the legal object ball, a scratch or foul is not a loss of game if the 8-ball is not pocketed or jumped off the table. Incoming player has cue ball in hand.

4. In the event the cue ball or an object ball stops on the edge of the pocket then falls into the pocket because of vibrations, fan or stamping of feet, it shall be replaced on the edge of the pocket as near as possible to its position before interference.

5. If any object ball is jumped off the table, it is a FOUL and loss of turn, unless it is the 8-ball, which is a loss of game. Any jumped object balls are spotted in numerical order.

SCRATCHES

Situation:
(a) an object ball
(b) the cue ball,
comes to rest touching both the bed of the table and one or more previously pocketed balls in a full pocket.
Ruling:
(a) The referee will judge whether, if the supporting ball(s) in the full pocket were removed, the ball would fall into the pocket or remain on the bed.
The ball will then be pocketed or placed as judged and play will continue.
(b) SCRATCH
Situation:
An object ball rebounds from a pocket because of a ball, piece of equipment, or other obstruction in the pocket, and
(a) stops on the bed of the table;
(b) lands on the floor.
Ruling:
(a) the ball is not pocketed. Play continues based on the result of the shot.
(b) FOUL, unless caused by equipment left by the opponent.
Note: While a referee, if available, may assist in clearing pockets, the player is ultimately responsible for ensuring that pockets are clear of their own equipment or pocketed balls.
Situation:
The cue ball rebounds from a pocket because of a ball, piece of equipment, or other obstruction in the pocket and lands on the bed of the table.
Ruling:
(a): SCRATCH, unless caused by equipment left by the opponent.
Note: While a referee, if available, may assist in clearing pockets, the player is ultimately responsible for ensuring that pockets are clear of their own equipment or pocketed balls.
Situation:
A ball drops into a pocket and, without rebounding from the pocket, and then falls to the floor because of a flaw in the pocket or ball-return system.
Ruling: The ball is pocketed.

END OF THE GAME

SHOOTING THE 8 BALL

The 8-ball becomes your legal object ball regardless of whether the last object ball of your group is legally pocketed, illegally pocketed, or jumped.

When a player has pocketed all of the balls in his group, he then shoots at the 8-ball.

In BCAPL you need only call the pocket.

In VNEA you must physically designate the pocket with a pocket marker. The marker is to be placed on the table completely within the first two diamonds on either side of the pocket. The entire area between the diamonds included.

You do not have to touch or move the marker if it is already at your intended pocket.

LOSS OF GAME

You lose the game if:
a. You call a safety while shooting the 8-ball and it is pocketed.
b. You jump the 8-ball off the table on any shot other than the break;
c. You pocket the 8-ball on the same shot as the last ball of your group;
d. You pocket the 8-ball on a shot defined as not obvious that you do not call.
e. You commit a foul and the 8-ball falls into a pocket.
f. You knock the 8 ball in a pocket by accident.
g. When your opponent is on the hill, if you make a motion to unscrew your playing cue during your opponent's inning you lose the match.

STALEMATE

It is not necessary for the referee to observe the three attempts by each player prior to the balls arriving at their position.

If the players agree that the table is in a stalemate position, they may mutually declare a stalemate before each player has completed three innings and without informing a referee.

If a referee judges that the table is in a position such that any attempt to pocket or move a ball will result in loss of game on that shot, or that the game is not progressing because the position of the table has not significantly changed through three consecutive innings by each player, the referee will declare a stalemate and the game will be replayed with the player who broke the game breaking again.

CONCESSION OF GAME

This rule is a natural extension of Rule Concession of Match, and is designed to enforce good and proper sportsmanship at the end of every game.

It is also specifically designed to acknowledge that the game is frequently the subject of valid interests of spectators and media who have a reasonable expectation of viewing a complete game.

CSI requires all players to complete every game on the table, and to use extra care in choosing their words and actions toward the end of a game. If a dispute arises as to whether a concession has occurred, the referee’s judgment will be final.
1. Situation: In a game of 8-Ball, the 8-ball is the only ball left on the table. Player A shoots, misses and scratches, leaving the 8-ball hanging on the lip of a pocket and giving up ball in hand to Player B.

Player A takes their chair without saying anything. Player B approaches the table, retrieves the rack and moves the 8-Ball to the rack in preparation for racking the next game.

Ruling: LOSS OF GAME for Player B.
If you concede a game, in addition to losing that game you will receive a mandatory warning against further concessions.

A second violation results in the LOSS OF THE CONCEDED GAME and an additional deduction of ONE GAME from your score (if you have zero games, your score would be "minus one game") and a final mandatory warning.

A third violation results in LOSS OF MATCH.

In team play, ANY MEMBER OF THE TEAM may commit the second or third violations.
In the absence of any act by your opponent judged to be a concession, you must not assume that your opponent has conceded the game.

If you disturb the position of the table in such a situation, then you are charged with a concession violation.

If you disturb the position of the table in an act that presumes the game is over before it is actually over, such as gathering balls together to rack the next game, YOU LOSE THE GAME.

1. You must not concede any game at any time for any reason. “Concede” means that, as a result of any verbal or non-verbal action, you lead your opponent to believe that you are awarding them the game before its normal conclusion on the table.

Before a game has ended, you must refrain from making any statements such as “good game”, etc., or any other verbal inference that the game is over or that your opponent is certain or likely to win.

You must also refrain from any similar non-verbal action, such as putting away your cue or accessory items, beginning to mark a score sheet, changing clothes, retrieving or juggling coins or tokens, etc. Whether or not you have conceded a game is determined solely by the referee’s judgment.

CONCESSION OF MATCH

1. Situation: Players A and B are both on the hill. Player A, having broken the final game of the match with a break cue and not pocketing a ball, retires to the chair.

While Player B is at the table, Player A unscrews their break cue to put it away.

Ruling:
No concession. The cue Player A unscrewed was not their playing cue.

When your opponent is on the hill, if you make a motion to unscrew your playing cue during your opponent's inning you lose the match.

SPECIFICATIONS

TABLE INFORMATION

Table Size and Playing Surface.
CSI recognizes three sizes of tables and playing surfaces as regulation (all ±1/16”):
7 foot - Table size - 3 ½’ x 7’    Playing surface - 40” x 80”
8 foot - Table size - 4’ x 8’       Playing surface - 45” x 90”
9 foot - Table size - 4 ½’ x 9    Playing surface - 50” x 100”

Table Bed Height: the height of the top of the playing surface measured from the floor will be 30”, ±½”
Cushions.
The height of the cushion nose measured from the playing surface will be 129/64”, +1/64” or –1/32”.

Diamonds.
The center of all diamonds will be 311/16” from the cushion nose (no tolerance).
Corner pockets: 4½”, ±1/16”. Side pockets: 5”, ±1/16”.
CSI measures pocket openings by the “gate method” rather than the traditional method of measuring between the tips of the cushions.
If a ball entering the mouth of a pocket contacts the cushion within the mouth, it does so at a point well below the cushion nose.
The gate method provides a more accurate measurement of a pocket opening based on the true action of a ball entering the mouth of the pocket.

An easy and proper way to measure a pocket using the gate method is shown in figure below.
Using two new striped balls, place the balls in the mouth of the pocket with the stripes facing up and lined up. Set them so that each ball touches the vertical cut of the cushion and so that a line extending across the mouth of the pocket from cushion tip to cushion tip bisects the stripes lengthwise.
Note that the balls do not touch the tips of the cushion, but instead contact the cushion at a point below the tip.
When properly placed in corner pockets the balls will:
a. be just touching each other – a pocket opening of exactly 4½”, or;
b. have a gap of up to 1/16” between them (tolerance to 49/16”), or;
c. require slight compression into the cushions to place as described (tolerance to 47/16”).

If the gap between the balls is more than 1/16” or the pocket opening is too narrow to place them easily as described, the pocket opening does not meet CSI specifications.

When properly placed in the side pockets the balls should have a gap of ½” between them.

If the gap is less than 7/16” or more than 9/16”, the pocket opening does not meet CSI specifications.
The horizontal interior angles of the cushions at the pockets will be 141° ± 1° at a corner pocket and 100° ± 1° at a side pocket.

The vertical cushion angle within the mouth of all pockets will be between 12° and 15°.
CSI measures shelf depth in relation to the dimensions of a ball.

Figure below shows how shelf depth is determined.
Table specifications apply to CSI National Tournaments.
Although they are not mandatory for other tournaments or league play,
it is suggested that they be adhered to whenever possible.

POOL BALLS SPEC

All balls will have a diameter of 2¼” ± .005”.

The weight of the balls will be between 5½ and 6 ounces, but all object balls used in any match must be of equal weight.

Slight variations in the weight of the cue ball with respect to the object balls may occur depending on the type of the cue ball.

Copyright © 2019-2022 ( David Wally Walburn )

Powered By Codeigniter 4